The first law of thermodynamics is one of the bedrock laws of physics. Even if you’re not gung-ho for physics research, you ...

Technologies aimed at single-molecule resolution of non-equilibrium systems increasingly require sophisticated new ways of thinking about thermodynamics. An elegant extension to standard fluctuation ...

Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

The amount of energy in the universe is constant and can neither be destroyed nor created, that's what the first law of thermodynamics tells us. When you purchase through links on our site, we may ...

There are “costs of life” that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

An international collaboration sheds new light on the relationship between quantum theory and thermodynamics. The research group demonstrated that while the laws of quantum theory alone do not ...

What if the future of artificial intelligence wasn’t just faster or smarter, but fundamentally more sustainable? Picture this: a world where the energy demands of AI no longer threaten to outpace our ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A gas relaxing into equilibrium is often taken to be a process in which a system moves from an “improbable” to a “probable” state. Given that ...