Scientists have long puzzled over the gap in the fossil record that would explain the evolution of invertebrates to vertebrates. Vertebrates, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, ...

518-million-year-old fossil reveals vertebrates once had four eyes and extra organs that later shaped evolution.

According to the data considered by its authors—a team from the University of Sussex (UK) and Lund University ...

Scientists discovered some of the oldest bony fish fossils in China. The fossils explain the early history of animals with backbones.

Hutton, Nicholas, III. 1976. "Origin and Radiation of the Classes of Poikilothermous Vertebrates." In Evolution of brain and behavior in vertebrates. Masterton, R ...

An illustration of a four-eyed myllokunmingid, a jawless fish that lived more than 500 million years ago Xiangtong Lei and Sihang Zhang Many spine-bearing creatures, or vertebrates, have a curious bit ...

New research from the University of St Andrews has discovered a crucial piece in the puzzle of how all animals with a spine—including all mammals, fish, reptiles and amphibians—evolved. In a paper ...

A new study led by researchers at the University of Arizona suggests that for every recognized vertebrate species, there are, on average, two ...