Background OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e., muscle distribution, dosing) of onabotulinumtoxinA for ...

Symptoms of spasticity — including chronic muscle stiffness, pain, and jerkiness of voluntary movements — can interfere with your daily activities. Left untreated, these symptoms may significantly ...

It can be uncomfortable and painful at times. Spasticity occurs when the nerve impulses that control muscle movement are interrupted or damaged. A variety of conditions can cause this, including: ...

Animal or in vitro studies, studies performed in pediatric populations, and studies reporting treatment with BoNT products other than onabotulinumtoxinA were excluded. The full-text publications of ...