A pair of identical particles swapping places sounds like a small move. In quantum physics, it is a defining one. In everyday ...

Another theory held that the forces between two particles falls off exponentially in direct relationship to the distance between two particles and that the factor by which it drops is not dependent on ...

In our three-dimensional space, elementary particles neatly filter into either bosons or fermions. But in lower dimensions, ...

Physicists have used a machine-learning method to identify surprising new twists on the non-reciprocal forces governing a many-body system. The work is one of the relatively few instances of using AI ...

Quantum dynamics—the study of how particles behave and interact in a quantum system—has long fascinated physicists due to its puzzling and sometimes bizarre behaviors. Unlike classical systems, where ...