Animal physiology encompasses the coordinated functions of multiple organ systems that ensure survival, adaptation and homeostasis in diverse species. From the cardiovascular and respiratory systems ...

Physiology studies how the human body works, including the functions and interactions of its systems, cells, and organs, and the maintenance of homeostasis. It explores how the body adapts to ...

This article, the sixth in an eight-part series, examines the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine glands and tissues associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The endocrine system comprises ...

‘While molecular biomarkers such as genetics have proved valuable in the management of many diseases, the dynamic information provided by many physiological biomarkers will complement, enhance and ...

The endocrine system is made up of glands and tissues that produce and secrete hormones to regulate and coordinate vital bodily functions. This article – the first in an eight-part series on the ...

Systems physiology is an integrative discipline that seeks to understand how multiple biological systems work in concert to maintain homeostasis and generate emergent physiological states. At its core ...