I was wondering the other morning whether any password-guessing tool uses scientific password frequency analysis. Is there any tool that uses as part of its algorithm the percent chance of a user ...

Your math is a little off. Actually completely wrong. The number of passwords of length N from an alphabet of A characters is A to the power of N, (A^N) so the key ...

Regarding your “Winning the password-probability game” article, I have been very disappointed with the number of financial institutions that prohibit special characters for use in passwords with which ...