Two surfers walk with their boards on the beach of the Atlantic Ocean in Sines, Portugal, April 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Michael Probst, File) (CN) — During the summer of 2023, sea surface temperatures in ...

Satellite observations have documented a pronounced decline in Antarctic sea ice extent since 2014, with especially sharp losses in recent years. Whether Antarctica's declining sea ice can recover ...

Usually, heat and carbon travel horizontally along one ocean layer that is the same density, but they can also move vertically between layers of different densities. This is how deeper water is ...

How will global warming impact marine ecosystems? This is a critical question when addressing future climate change. Sustained climate change may have a particularly large negative effect on one of ...

The ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) is a dynamic region that mediates the exchange of momentum, heat, and gases between the atmosphere and the ocean. Recent advances in observational and ...

The ocean is continuously ventilated when surface waters sink and transport, for example, oxygen and carbon to greater depths ...