Frost heave, the upward swelling of soil due to the formation and growth of ice lenses during freezing, remains a critical concern in cold regions where infrastructure integrity is paramount. This ...

Frost is the solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. It is formed when solid surfaces are cooled to below the dew point of the adjacent air as well as below the freezing point of water.

Frost formation on cold surfaces is a phenomenon of significant industrial and environmental importance. It occurs when water vapour in the atmosphere deposits and freezes, creating a layer of frost ...