Spectroscopy remains a cornerstone of modern science, underpinning our ability to probe the intrinsic energy levels of atoms and molecules with remarkable precision. By interpreting the interaction of ...

WE'VE BEEN TALKING for the last three months about how to properly size a heat source when replacing oversized cast-iron boilers that once used solid fuel. They come with an existing castiron ...

Drug discovery is a costly and time-intensive process, with binding free energy calculations between the potential drug molecule and the target being crucial for reducing drug discovery costs, ...

Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the alternatives. A new thermodynamic framework makes it possible to calculate these ...

Many people are optimistic about ammonia's potential as an energy source and carrier of hydrogen, and though large-scale ...

OVER THE YEARS, I've had the opportunity to spend many hours in working boiler rooms when the outside temperature is at or near "design conditions." On many of the older solid-fuel converted boilers, ...