Delay differential equations (DDEs) extend the classical framework of differential equations by incorporating terms that depend on past states, thus capturing the intrinsic time delays found in many ...

Almost periodic functions serve as a powerful conceptual framework in analysing differential equations whose coefficients or forcing terms exhibit recurrent behaviour over time. Rooted in the ...

Differential equations are equations that contain derivatives. The equations are used in calculus to describe relationships among one or more variables. A solution to any series of equations can be ...