Large field spectrographs are severely influenced by atmospheric refraction. We discuss the effect of differential refraction across the field as well as the chromatic effects for the Norris ...

Any reference will tell you the Novaya Zemlya effect is a polar mirage — and it is. But Novaya Zemlya-like effects are not limited to the Arctic. The Novaya Zemlya effect is an atmospheric refraction ...

WHILE in a rowing-boat on the ocean during a sultry afternoon this summer I observed a very peculiar series of refraction phenomena that seem worth describing. A thunderstorm was brewing in the ...

DURING a total eclipse of the sun there will be, as I suppose, an increase of density of the air at the central portion of the shadow. If we imagine the normal atmosphere removed, we are left with a ...

Sunlight may be the bright, warming glow that heats and powers the Earth, but it's so much more than that. If you pass sunlight through a prism, you can see how it's actually composed of all the ...

Pilots over the Himalayas sometimes witness three suns due to sundogs, an optical phenomenon caused by sunlight refracting through hexagonal ice crystals in high-altitude clouds. These crystals bend ...